ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION: ETHICAL, SOCIAL, AND HUMANISTIC CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, education, ethics, human-centered AI, digital transformationAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly influential technology in contemporary education, transforming teaching, learning, assessment, educational administration, and access to knowledge. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models, has further accelerated this transformation by enabling students and teachers to generate, analyze, summarize, translate, and interact with information through natural language. Nevertheless, the integration of AI into education cannot be understood merely as a technological innovation because it also raises substantial ethical, social, pedagogical, and humanistic questions. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges associated with artificial intelligence in education from social and humanistic perspectives and to formulate principles for responsible and human-centered educational transformation. This research employs a qualitative literature study. Relevant academic publications, international policy documents, books, and research reports concerning artificial intelligence, AI in education, generative AI, educational ethics, digital literacy, teacher competencies, equity, privacy, and human agency were analyzed through identification, classification, comparison, interpretation, and thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that AI offers significant opportunities for personalized learning, teacher support, accessibility, educational innovation, and the development of new forms of digital literacy. However, these benefits are accompanied by challenges involving academic integrity, algorithmic bias, privacy, unequal access, misinformation, overdependence on technology, changes in teacher roles, and the possible erosion of human agency. The study argues that the future of AI in education should not be determined by technological capability alone but by educational values, human rights, social justice, critical thinking, and meaningful human relationships. Therefore, AI should function as an augmentation of human educational capacity rather than a substitute for teachers, learners, or human judgment.
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